2008 Mumbai attacks

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2008 Mumbai Attacks


Locations of the attacks

Location
Mumbai, India

Date
26 November 2008 – 29 November 2008 (IST, UTC +5:30)

Attack type
Bombings, shootings, hostage crisis[1]

Deaths
173 (164 civilians and security personnel and 9 attackers)[2]

Injured
308[2]

Suspected perpetrator(s)
Lashkar-e-Taiba[3][4]




v • d • e

Terrorism in Mumbai




1993 – 2002 – 1st 2003 – 2nd 2003 – 3rd 2003 – 4th 2003 – 2006 – 2008





v • d • e

Terrorism in India since 2001




Attacks with 50+ deaths in bold
Indian Parliament attack – Srinagar – Akshardham Temple attack Kolkata 2002 – Rafiganj rail disaster – Mumbai 2002 – 1st Mumbai 2003 – 2nd Mumbai 2003 – 3rd Mumbai 2003 – Ayodhya – Delhi 2005 – Jaunpur 2005 – Varanasi – Jama Masjid – Mumbai 2006 – Malegaon – Samjhauta Express – Mecca Masjid – Hyderabad – Uttar Pradesh – Jaipur – Bangalore – Ahmedabad – 1st Delhi 2008 – 2nd Delhi 2008 – Western India – Agartala – Imphal – Assam 2008 – Mumbai 2008 – 1st Guwahati 2009 – 2nd Guwahati 2009



The 2008 Mumbai attacks were more than ten coordinated shooting and bombing attacks across Mumbai, India's financial capital and its largest city. The attacks, which drew widespread condemnation across the world, began on 26 November 2008 and lasted until 29 November, killing at least 173 people and wounding at least 308.[2][5]

Eight of the attacks occurred in South Mumbai: at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, the Oberoi Trident,[6] the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower,[6] Leopold Cafe,[6] Cama Hospital,[6] the Orthodox Jewish-owned Nariman House,[7] the Metro Cinema,[8] and a lane behind the Times of India building and St. Xavier's College.[6] There was also an explosion at Mazagaon, in Mumbai's port area, and in a taxi at Vile Parle.[9] By the early morning of 28 November, all sites except for the Taj Mahal Palace had been secured by Mumbai Police and security forces. An action by India's National Security Guards (NSG) on 29 November resulted in the death of the last remaining attackers at the Taj Mahal Palace, ending all fighting in the attacks.[10]

Ajmal Amir Kasab,[11] the only attacker who was captured alive, disclosed that the attackers were members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, the Pakistan-based militant organization, considered a terrorist organization by India, the United States, and the United Kingdom, among others.[12] The Indian Government said that the attackers came from Pakistan, and their controllers were in Pakistan.[13] Kasab's trial began on 6 May. He initially pleaded not guilty, but later admitted his guilt on 20 July 2009. The court has accepted his plea, but due to the lack of completeness within his admittance, the Judge has deemed that many of the 86 charges were not addressed and therefore the trial will continue. Kasab could be hanged if given the maximum penalty of death.[14]

On 7 January 2009, after more than a month of denying the nationality of the attackers,[15] Pakistan's Information Minister Sherry Rehman officially accepted Ajmal Amir's nationality as Pakistani.[16] On 12 February 2009, Pakistan's Interior Minister Rehman Malik, in a televised news briefing, confirmed that parts of the attack had been planned in Pakistan and said that six people, including the alleged mastermind, were being held in connection with the attacks.[17]

Contents
1 Background
2 Attacks
2.1 Entry into India
2.2 Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
2.3 Leopold Cafe
2.4 Bomb blasts in taxis
2.5 Taj Mahal Hotel and Oberoi Trident
2.6 Nariman House
2.7 End of the attacks
2.8 Methodology
3 Attribution
3.1 Attackers
3.2 Arrests
4 Casualties and Compensation
5 Aftermath
5.1 Reactions
6 Locations
7 References
8 External links


[edit] Background
Main article: Terrorism in Mumbai



One of the bomb-damaged coaches at the Mahim station in Mumbai during the 11 July 2006 train bombings

There have been many terrorist bombings in Mumbai since 13 co-ordinated bomb explosions killed 257 people and injured 700 on 12 March 1993.[18] The 1993 attacks are believed to be retaliation for the Babri Mosque demolition.[19]

On 6 December 2002, a blast in a BEST bus near Ghatkopar station killed two people and injured 28.[20] The bombing occurred on the tenth anniversary of the demolition of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya.[21] A bicycle bomb exploded near the Vile Parle station in Mumbai, killing one person and injuring 25 on 27 January 2003, a day before the visit of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee of India to the city.[22] On 13 March 2003, a day after the tenth anniversary of the 1993 Bombay bombings, a bomb exploded in a train compartment near the Mulund station, killing 10 people and injuring 70.[23] On 28 July 2003, a blast in a BEST bus in Ghatkopar killed 4 people and injured 32.[24] On 25 August 2003 two bombs exploded in South Mumbai, one near the Gateway of India and the other at Zaveri Bazaar in Kalbadevi. At least 44 people were killed and 150 injured.[25] On 11 July 2006, seven bombs exploded within 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai.[26] 209 people were killed,[27] and over 700 injured.[28] According to Mumbai Police, the bombings were carried out by Lashkar-e-Taiba and Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI).[29][30]

[edit] Attacks
Main article: Timeline of the 2008 Mumbai attacks

[edit] Entry into India
According to investigations the attackers traveled by sea from Karachi, Pakistan across the Arabian Sea, hijacked the Indian fishing trawler 'Kuber', killing the crew, and then entered Mumbai on a rubber dinghy. The captain of 'Kuber', Amar Singh Solanki, had earlier been imprisoned for six months in a Pakistani jail for illegally fishing in Pakistani waters.[31]

The first events were detailed around 20:00 Indian Standard Time (IST) on 26 November, when 10 Urdu-speaking men in inflatable speedboats came ashore at two locations in Colaba. They reportedly told local Marathi-speaking fishermen to "mind their business" before they split up and headed two different ways. The fishermen's subsequent report to police received little response.[32]

[edit] Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus


Bullet marks on the wall of the suburban terminus at CST

The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus was attacked by two gunmen, one of whom, Ajmal Kasab, was later caught alive by the police and identified by eyewitnesses. The attacks began around 21:30 when the two men entered the passenger hall and opened fire,[33] using AK-47 rifles.[34] The attackers killed 52 people and injured 109 others,[34] their assault ending at about 22:45.[33]

[edit] Leopold Cafe
The Leopold Cafe, a popular restaurant and bar on Colaba Causeway, was one of the first sites to be attacked.[35] Two attackers open fired on the south Mumbai cafe on the Wednesday night, killing at least 10 people (including some foreigners) and injuring many more.[36] The injured included among others, Sourav Mishra, a Reuters journalist, who was one of the first witnesses of the attacks.[37] He received severe bullet injuries and was quoted across world media for initial comments on the attack through Reuters reportage.[38] Sourav also figured in the controversial government dead list, which was later withdrawn.[39] French filmmaker, Kate Chaillat, was with Sourav during the attack.[40] Chaillat witnessed the event, escaped unhurt, but was deeply traumatised.[41]



Bullet marks left at Leopold Cafe

[edit] Bomb blasts in taxis
There were two explosions in taxis caused by timer bombs. The first one was at 10:40 pm at Vile Parle. The taxi—MH 01 G 779, was used by Ajmal Kasab and Abu Ismail Khan to reach Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus from Badhwar Park. Kasab and Ismail had placed the bomb under the front seat of the taxi. The bomb exploded killing the driver, Mohammad Umer Abdul Khalid and a passenger, Laxminarayan Goel. The second explosion took place Wadi Bunder between 10:20 pm and 10:25 pm. The taxi—MH 01 J 5308, had travelled from south Mumbai to Wadi Bunder through P D’mello Road. The terrorists who attacked Leopold’s Cafe and the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel had taken this cab from Badhwar towards Colaba, leaving a timer bomb beneath the front seat before getting off. Three people including the driver of the taxi were killed and about 15 other people were reported injured.[9][42]

[edit] Taj Mahal Hotel and Oberoi Trident
Main articles: Taj Mahal Palace & Tower and Oberoi Trident



The damaged Oberoi Trident hotel

Two hotels, the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower and the Oberoi Trident, were amongst the four locations targeted. Six explosions were reported at the Taj hotel and one at the Oberoi Trident.[43][44]

CNN initially reported on the morning of the 27 November 2008 that the hostage situation at the Taj had been resolved and quoted the police chief of Maharashtra stating that all hostages were freed;[45] however, it was learned later that day that there were still two attackers holding hostages, including foreigners, in the Taj Mahal hotel.[46][46]



The Wasabi restaurant on the first floor of the Taj Hotel was completely gutted.

During the attacks, both hotels were surrounded by Rapid Action Force personnel and Marine Commandos (MARCOS) and National Security Guards (NSG) commandos.[47][48] When reports emerged that attackers were receiving television broadcasts, feeds to the hotels were blocked.[49] All attackers were out of the Taj Mahal and Oberoi hotels by the early morning of November 29.[50][51]

A number of European Parliament Committee on International Trade delegates were staying in the Taj Mahal hotel when it was attacked,[52] but none of them were injured.[53] British Conservative Member of the European Parliament (MEP) Sajjad Karim (who was in the lobby when attackers initially opened fire there) and German Social Democrat MEP Erika Mann were hiding in different parts of the building.[54] Also reported present was Spanish MEP Ignasi Guardans, who was barricaded in a hotel room.[55] Another British Conservative MEP, Syed Kamall, reported that he along with several other MEPs left the hotel and went to a nearby restaurant shortly before the attack.[54] Kamall also reported that Polish MEP Jan Masiel was thought to have been sleeping in his hotel room when the attacks started, but eventually left the hotel safely.[56] Kamall and Guardans reported that a Hungarian MEP's assistant was shot.[54][57] Also caught up in the shooting were the President of Madrid, Esperanza Aguirre, while checking in at the Oberoi Trident,[57] and Indian MP N. N. Krishnadas of Kerala and Sir Gulam Noon while having dinner at a restaurant in the Taj hotel.[58][59]

[edit] Nariman House
Main article: Nariman House



Front view of the Nariman House a week after the attacks

Nariman House, a Chabad Lubavitch Jewish center in Colaba known as the Mumbai Chabad House, was taken over by two attackers and several residents were held hostage.[60] The house was stormed by NSG commandos and, after a long battle, one NSG commando and the two attackers were killed.[61] Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife Rivkah Holtzberg, who was six months pregnant, were murdered with other hostages inside the house by the attackers.[62] Indian forces found the bodies of six hostages inside the house.

[edit] End of the attacks
By the morning of 27 November, the army had secured the Jewish outreach center at Nariman House as well as the Oberoi Trident hotel. They also incorrectly believed that the Taj Mahal Palace and Towers had been cleared of attackers, and soldiers were leading hostages and holed-up guests to safety, and removing bodies of those killed in the attacks.[63][64][65] However, later news reports indicated that there were still two or three attackers in the Taj, with explosions heard and gunfire exchanged.[65] Fires were also reported at the ground floor of the Taj with plumes of smoke arising from the first floor.[65] The final operation at the Taj Mahal Palace hotel was completed by the NSG commandos at 08:00 on 29 November, killing three attackers and resulting in the conclusion of the attacks.[66] The security forces rescued 250 people from the Oberoi, 300 from the Taj and 60 people (members of 12 different families) from Nariman House.[67] In addition, police seized a boat filled with arms and explosives anchored at Mazgaon dock off Mumbai harbour.[68]

[edit] Methodology
The attackers had planned the attack several months ahead of time and knew some areas well enough for the attackers to vanish, and reappear after security forces had left. Several sources have quoted Kasab telling the police that the group received help from Mumbai residents.[69][70] The attackers used at least three SIM cards purchased on the Indian side of the border with Bangladesh, pointing to some local collusion.[71] There were also reports of one SIM card purchased in New Jersey, USA.[72] Police had also mentioned that Faheem Ansari, an Indian Lashkar operative who had been arrested in February 2008, had scouted the Mumbai targets for the November attacks.[73] Later, the police arrested two Indian suspects, Mikhtar Ahmad, who is from Srinagar in Kashmir, and Tausif Rehman, a resident of Kolkata. They supplied the SIM cards, one in Calcutta, and the other in New Delhi.[74]

Blood tests on the attackers indicate that they had taken cocaine and LSD during the attacks, to sustain their energy and stay awake for 50 hours. Police say that they found syringes on the scenes of the attacks. There were also indications that they had been taking steroids.[75] The gunman who survived said that the attackers had used Google Earth to familiarise themselves with the locations of buildings used in the attacks.[76]

[edit] Attribution
Main article: Attribution of the 2008 Mumbai attacks

See also: Erroneous reporting on the 2008 Mumbai attacks



Ajmal Kasab, the only attacker caught alive, at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

The Mumbai attacks were planned and directed by Lashkar-e-Taiba militants inside Pakistan, and carried out by ten young armed men trained and sent to Mumbai and directed from inside Pakistan via mobile phones and VoIP.[12][77][78]

Pakistan initially contested this attribution, but agreed this was the case on 7 January 2009.[15][79][80] The Indian government supplied evidence to Pakistan's high commission in Delhi, in the form of interrogations, weapons, and call records of conversations during the attacks.[81] The evidence, shown to friendly governments and media, provided a detailed sequence of training, supplying, and constant communications of attackers with handlers from Pakistan.[3] In addition, Indian government officials said that the attacks were so sophisticated that they must have had official backing from Pakistani "agencies", an accusation denied by Pakistan.[78][79]

In February 2009, Pakistani newspaper The Dawn, citing Pakistani investigators, claimed that the attacks were planned in Bangladesh and refined in India with significant support being provided by Indian based militant groups and criminal organisations.[82] However, Indian investigators refuted this claim, with the Home Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram dismissing the claim as "rubbish".[83] On 12 February 2009, Pakistan's Interior Minister Rehman Malik agreed that some part of the conspiracy did take place in Pakistan. Malik said that Pakistan had lodged a First Information Report (FIR) under Anti-Terrorism Act against three persons.[84]

Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi said on 15 February 2009 that the 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings and the Mumbai attacks were linked, and that Pakistan needed information from India to continue its investigation.[85]

The criminal investigation begun by the Mumbai police has identified 37 suspects – including two army officers – wanted for their alleged involvement in the plot. All but two of the suspects, many of whom are identified only through aliases, are Pakistani.[86]

In July 2009 Pakistani authorities confirmed to their Indian counterparts that their investigations confirmed that LeT plotted and financed the attacks. Investigations conducted in LeT camps in Karachi and Thatta revealed diaries, training manuals, maps of India and operational instructions. According to a report from Pakistani investigators to Indian authorities, "the investigation has established beyond any reasonable doubt that the defunct LeT activists conspired, abetted, planned, financed and established [the] communication network to carry out terror attacks in Mumbai."[87]

[edit] Attackers


Police looking for attackers outside Colaba

There were ten gunmen, nine of whom were subsequently shot dead and one captured by security forces.[88][89] Witnesses reported that they looked to be in their early twenties, wore black t-shirts and jeans, and that they smiled and looked happy as they shot their victims.[90]

It was initially reported that some of the attackers were British citizens,[91][92] but the Indian Government later stated that there was no evidence to confirm this.[93] Similarly, early reports of twelve gunmen[94] were also later shown to be incorrect.[3]

On 9 December, the ten attackers were identified by Mumbai police, along with their home towns in Pakistan: Ajmal Amir from Faridkot, Abu Ismail Dera Ismail Khan from Dera Ismail Khan, Hafiz Arshad and Babr Imran from Multan, Javed from Okara, Shoaib from Narowal, Nazih and Nasr from Faisalabad, Abdul Rahman from Arifwalla, and Fahad Ullah from Dipalpur Taluka. Dera Ismail Khan is in the North-West Frontier Province; the rest of the towns are in Pakistani Punjab.[95]

[edit] Arrests
Main article: Ajmal Kasab

Ajmal Kasab was the only attacker captured alive by police and is currently under arrest.[96] Much of the information about the attackers' preparation, travel, and movements comes from his confessions to the Mumbai police.[97]

On 12 February 2009 Pakistan's Interior Minister Rehman Malik said that Pakistani national Javed Iqbal, who acquired VoIP phones in Spain for the Mumbai attackers, and Hamad Ameen Sadiq, who had facilitated money transfer for the attack, had been arrested.[84] Two other men known as Khan and Riaz, but whose full names were not given, were also arrested.[98]

[edit] Casualties and Compensation
Main article: Casualties of the 2008 Mumbai attacks

At least 164 victims (civilians and security personnel) and 9 attackers were killed in the attacks. Among the dead were 28 foreign nationals from 10 countries.[2][45][99][100][101] One attacker was captured.[102] The bodies of many of the dead hostages showed signs of torture or disfigurement.[103] A number of those killed were notable figures in business, media, and security services.[104][105][106]

The Government of Maharashtra announced about $10,000 as compensation to the kin of each of those killed in the terror attacks and about $1,000 to the seriously injured.[107] In August 2009, Indian Hotels Company and the Oberoi Group received about $28 million as part-payment of the insurance claims, on account of the attacks on Taj Mahal and Trident, from General Insurance Corporation of India.[108]

[edit] Aftermath
Main article: Aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks



Flowers at the spot of Hemant Karkare's death

The attacks had multiple, far-ranging effects. The impact was felt on Mumbai and on Maharashtra state, and throughout urban India. The Maharashtra state government has planned to buy 36 speed boats to patrol the coastal areas and several helicopters for the same purpose. It will also create an anti-terror force called "Force One" and upgrade all the weapons that Mumbai police currently have.[109] Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh on an all party conference declared that legal framework will be strengthened in the battle against terrorism and a federal anti-terrorist intelligence and investigation agency, like the FBI, will be set up soon to co-ordinate actions against terrorism.[110]

The attacks have damaged India's already strained relationship with Pakistan. External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee declared that India may indulge in military strikes against terror camps in Pakistan to protect its territorial integrity. There were also after-effects on the United States's relationships with both countries,[111] the US-led NATO war in Afghanistan,[112] and on the Global War on Terror.[113] According to Interpol secretary general Ronald Noble, Indian intelligence agencies did not share any information with them.[114] However, FBI chief Robert Mueller praised the "unprecedented cooperation" between American and Indian intelligence agencies over Mumbai terror attack probe.[115]

[edit] Reactions
Main article: Reactions to the 2008 Mumbai attacks



Protests at the Gateway of India in Mumbai

Indians criticised their political leaders after the attacks, saying that their ineptness was partly responsible. The Times of India commented on its front page that "Our politicians fiddle as innocents die."[116] Political reactions in Mumbai and India included a range of resignations and political changes, including the resignations of Minister for Home Affairs, Shivraj Patil,[117] Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Vilasrao Deshmukh,[118] and Deputy Chief Minister of Maharastra R. R. Patil.[119] In addition, there was condemnation of the attacks by Indian Muslim organizations and personalities and Naxalite insurgents. Prominent Muslim personalities such as Bollywood actor Aamir Khan appealed to the community members in the country to observe Eid al-Adha as a day of mourning on 9 December 2008.[120] The business establishment also reacted, with changes to transport, and requests for an increase in self-defense capabilities.[121] The attacks also triggered a chain of citizens' movements across India such as the India Today Group's "War Against Terror" campaign. There were vigils held across all of India with candles and placards commemorating the victims of the attacks.[122] The NSG commandos based in Delhi also met criticism for taking 10 hours to reach the terrorists.[123][124]

International reaction for the attacks was widespread, with many countries and international organizations condemning the attacks and expressing their condolences to the civilian victims. Many important personalities around the world also condemned the attacks.[125] Outgoing US President George W. Bush said "We pledge the full support of the United States as India investigates these attacks, brings the guilty to justice and sustains its democratic way of life."[126] Likewise, a spokesman for then President-elect Barack Obama said that Mr. Obama “strongly condemns today’s terrorist attacks in Mumbai, and his thoughts and prayers are with the victims, their families, and the people of India.“[127]

Media coverage highlighted the use of new media and Internet social networking tools, including Twitter and Flickr, in spreading information about the attacks. In addition, many Indian bloggers and Wikipedia offered live textual coverage of the attacks.[128] A map of the attacks was set up by a web journalist using Google Maps.[129][130] The New York Times, in July 2009, described the event as "what may be the most well-documented terrorist attack anywhere."[131]

[edit] Locations
Map of all coordinates from Google

Map of all coordinates from Bing

Export all coordinates as KML

Export all coordinates as GeoRSS

Map of microformated coordinates



All the incidents except the explosion at Vile Parle took place in downtown South Mumbai.

Oberoi Trident at Nariman Point; 18°55′38″N 72°49′14″E / 18.927118°N 72.820618°E / 18.927118; 72.820618
Taj Mahal Palace & Tower near the Gateway of India; 18°55′18″N 72°50′00″E / 18.921739°N 72.83331°E / 18.921739; 72.83331
Leopold Cafe, a popular tourist restaurant in Colaba; 18°55′20″N 72°49′54″E / 18.922272°N 72.831566°E / 18.922272; 72.831566
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) railway station; 18°56′26″N 72°50′11″E / 18.940631°N 72.836426°E / 18.940631; 72.836426 (express train terminus), 18°56′26″N 72°50′07″E / 18.94061°N 72.835343°E / 18.94061; 72.835343 (suburban terminus)
Badruddin Tayabji Lane behind the Times of India building.18°56′32″N 72°50′01″E / 18.942117°N 72.833734°E / 18.942117; 72.833734
Near St. Xavier's College 18°56′38″N 72°49′55″E / 18.943919°N 72.831942°E / 18.943919; 72.831942.
Cama and Albless Hospital; 18°56′34″N 72°49′59″E / 18.94266°N 72.832993°E / 18.94266; 72.832993
Nariman House (Chabad House) Jewish outreach center; 18°54′59″N 72°49′40″E / 18.916517°N 72.827682°E / 18.916517; 72.827682
Metro Cinema 18°56′35″N 72°49′46″E / 18.943178°N 72.829474°E / 18.943178; 72.829474
Mazagaon docks in Mumbai's port area;
Vile Parle near the airport
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^ [1]
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[edit] External links
Video showing the way in which Indian authorities fought back against the attackers.
Dossier of evidence collected by investigating agencies of India
v • d • e

2008 Mumbai attacks




Sub-articles
Attribution · Ajmal Kasab · Timeline · Casualties · Reactions · Aftermath · Erroneous reporting




Sites
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus · Taj Mahal Palace & Tower · Oberoi Trident · Nariman House




Related
Terrorism in Mumbai · Terrorism in India · Indo-Pakistani relations






v • d • e

War on Terrorism




Timeline · Casualties · Theaters · Criticism · ISAF




Participants
Operational
ISAF · Operation Enduring Freedom participants · Multinational force in Iraq · Afghanistan · Northern Alliance · Iraq (Iraqi Army) · NATO · Pakistan · United Kingdom · United States · Philippines · Ethiopia




Targets
al-Qaeda · Osama bin Laden · Abu Sayyaf · Iraqi insurgency · Hamas · Islamic Courts Union · Jemaah Islamiyah · Taliban · Pattani Separatists · Jaish-e-Mohammed · Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami · Hizbul Mujahideen · Kurdistan Workers' Party · Hezbollah · Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan · Lashkar-e-Taiba






Conflicts
Operation
Enduring Freedom
War in Afghanistan · OEF - Philippines · Georgia Train and Equip Program · Georgia Sustainment and Stability · OEF - Horn of Africa · OEF - Trans Sahara · Missile strikes in Pakistan




Other
Insurgency in the Maghreb · Iraq insurgency and operations · Insurgency in Saudi Arabia · War in North-West Pakistan · South Thailand insurgency · Lebanon War · War in Somalia · Lebanon-Fatah al-Islam conflict






Islamist
attacks
2001–2002
September 11 attacks · Bahawalpur church attack · Indian Parliament attack · Shoe bomb plot · Ghriba synagogue bombing · Karachi bus bomb · Jaunpur train crash · Karachi US Consulate bombing · Akshardham Temple attack · 1st Bali bombing · Zamboanga bombings · Kurnool train crash




2003–2004
Riyadh compound bombings · Casablanca bombings · 2003 Mumbai bombings · Jakarta Marriott Hotel bombing · Istanbul bombings · SuperFerry 14 bombing · Madrid train bombings · Khobar massacre · Beslan school hostage crisis · Jakarta Australian embassy bombing




2005–2006
1st London bombings · 2nd London bombings · Sharm el-Sheikh attacks · 2nd Bali bombing · 1st Delhi bombings · Amman bombings · 2006 Varanasi bombings · 2006 Mumbai train bombings · Transatlantic aircraft plot · Toronto terrorism plot




2007–2008
1st Algiers bombings · Fort Dix attack plot · Ankara bombing · London car bomb plot · Glasgow Airport attack · 2007 Yemen tourist attack · Hyderabad bombings · Qahtaniya bombings · Karachi bombing · Baghlan bombing · Philippine Congress bombing · 2nd Algiers bombings · Assassination of Benazir Bhutto · Jaipur bombings · Danish embassy · Indian embassy · United States consulate · Istanbul bombings · Bangalore bombings-Ahmedabad · 2nd Delhi bombings · American embassy · Islamabad bombing · 3rd Delhi bombing · 2008 Assam bombings · 2008 Mumbai attacks




2009–current
Attack on Sri Lankan cricket team · 2009 Yemen tourist attack · 2009 Lahore bombing · Pearl Continental hotel bombing · Jakarta bombings






See also
Abu Ghraib prison · Axis of evil · Bush Doctrine · CIA run Black sites · Combatant Status Review Tribunal · Enhanced interrogation techniques · Extrajudicial prisoners of the US · Extraordinary rendition · Guantanamo Bay detention camp · Military Commissions Act · NSA electronic surveillance program · President's Surveillance Program · Protect America Act of 2007 · Unitary executive theory · Unlawful combatant · USA PATRIOT Act




Terrorism · War






v • d • e

Mumbai topics




History
Timeline · Silhara dynasty · Bombay Presidency · Seven islands of Bombay · Elephanta Caves · Kanheri Caves · Banganga Tank · Old Bombay · Worli Fort · Girangaon · Samyukta Maharashtra movement · 1992-93 riots · 1993 bombings · 2006 train bombings · 2008 Mumbai attacks · Tanks · Growth of Mumbai




Geography
Flora and fauna · Powai Lake · Vihar Lake · Tulsi Lake · Thane Creek · River Ulhas · Gilbert Hill · Malabar Hill · Salsette Island · Mumbai Harbour · Middle Ground · Weather · Beaches · South Mumbai · Navi Mumbai · City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO)




Buildings
Architecture of Mumbai · Gateway of India · Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus · Naval Dockyard · Reserve Bank of India · Bombay Stock Exchange · Hutatma Chowk · General Post Office · Shreepati Arcade · Regal Cinema · Mount Mary's Church · Haji Ali Dargah · Flora Fountain · David Sassoon Library · Mahatma Phule Market · Mumba Devi Mandir · Mahalaxmi Temple · Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum · National Gallery of Modern Art · Asiatic Society of Bombay · Jehangir Art Gallery · Gowalia Tank · Shri Swaminarayan Mandir




Transport
Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) · Mumbai Suburban Railway · Central Railway · Western Railway · Harbour Line · Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport · Juhu Aerodrome · Auto rickshaw · Mumbai Metro · Mumbai Monorail · Mumbai Maglev · Western Railway Elevated Corridor · Mumbai BRTS · Bandra-Worli Sea Link




Economy
Bombay Stock Exchange · Reserve Bank of India · Mint · Dalal Street · Nariman Point · Telecom companies




Education
Mumbai University · SNDT Women's University · Indian Institute of Technology · St. Xavier's College · Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute · UICT · Bombay Scottish School · Cathedral and John Connon School · Colleges




Institutes for Science
and Learning
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) · Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) · Nehru Planetarium · Nehru Science Centre · Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS)






Civic
Mayor · Police Commissioner · Municipal Commissioner · Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation · Mumbai Police · Wards · Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport · Demographics · Water sources · Bombay High Court · Sheriff




Culture
Marathi · Mumbaiya/Bombaiya/Bambaiya · Dabbawalas · Vada pav · Bhelpuri · Cultural centres · Cinemas · Kala Ghoda festival · Tourist attractions




Parks and
grounds
Horniman Circle Gardens · Cross Maidan · Kamala Nehru Park · Hanging Gardens · Sanjay Gandhi National Park · Jijamata Udyaan · Brabourne Stadium · Wankhede Stadium · Mahalaxmi Racecourse · Shivaji Park




Other topics
Bombay High · Marine Drive · Kamathipura · Dharavi · People from Mumbai




Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks"

Categories: Geographic coordinate lists | 2008 Mumbai attacks | 2008 in India | Terrorist incidents in 2008 in India

Hidden categories: Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages | Lists of coordinates

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