Lecture & Special Report

Pak Army Zinda Bad

Hasb E Hall

The Book of Servent

Iran Test Fires Missiles amid Flap over Nukes

(TEHRAN) — Iran's powerful Revolutionary Guard said it successfully test-fired short-range missiles Sunday in drills meant to show Tehran is prepared to crush any military threat from another country.
The display of force comes days after the U.S. and its allies warned Iran over a newly revealed nuclear facility it was secretly constructing.

(Watch TIME's exclusive video: "Ahmadinejad Says Obama Should Back Off")
Gen. Hossein Salami, head of the Revolutionary Guard Air Force, said Iran had perfected its short range missiles to make them more accurate in tactical battlefield situations and defend the country from any attacks.

"We are going to respond to any military action in a crushing manner and it doesn't make any difference which country or regime has launched the aggression," state media quoted Salami as saying. He said the missiles successfully hit their targets.

The tests came two days after the U.S. and its allies disclosed that Iran had been secretly developing a previously unknown underground uranium enrichment facility and warned the country it must open the nuclear site to international inspection or face harsher international sanctions.

The missiles tested weren't the kind that can carry a nuclear warhead. Iran is developing such ballistic missiles, but the U.S. believes that effort has been slowed.

But the timing of the missile tests has been widely interpreted as an Iranian show of force in the face of the international storm of criticism over the secret facility.

Tehran carried out the missile tests now "to show some muscle, show some strength, and say the game is not over for Iran yet," said Alex Vatanka, a senior Middle East analyst at IHS Jane's. He noted that Iran will be meeting with the Western powers in Geneva next week.

"They felt going into these meetings next week that they needed to have something else to bolster their position, and I think that Iran's Revolutionary Guard showing a bit of military muscle here is part of that," he said.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said she doesn't believe Iran can convince the U.S. and other world powers at the upcoming meeting that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes, putting Tehran on a course for tougher economic penalties beyond the current "leaky sanctions."

The Iranians must "present convincing evidence as to the purpose of their nuclear program. We don't believe that they can present convincing evidence, that it's only for peaceful purposes, but we are going to put them to the test," Clinton told CBS' "Face the Nation."

Defense Secretary Robert Gates arguing that pressuring Tehran economically and diplomatically would have a better chance of changing the Tehran government's policies than military strikes against the nuclear site.

"The reality is, there is no military option that does anything more than buy time," he told CNN's "State of the Union" in an interview broadcast Sunday.

The nuclear site was revealed in the arid mountains near the holy city of Qom and is believed to be inside a heavily guarded, underground facility belonging to the Revolutionary Guard, according to a document sent by President Barack Obama's administration to lawmakers.

After the strong condemnations from the U.S. and its allies, Iran said Saturday it will allow U.N. nuclear inspectors to examine the site.

Israel has trumpeted the latest discoveries as proof of its long-held assertion that Iran is seeking nuclear weapons.

"The revelation of the secret Iranian facility also demonstrates to even the most skeptical people the evil intentions of Iran," said Danny Ayalon, Israel's deputy foreign minister.

"The Iran's ongoing military maneuvers including the last one and all their missile tests are a huge challenge to the international community," he added in an interview with Israel's Channel 10 Sunday.

By U.S. estimates, Iran is one to five years away from having nuclear weapons capability, although U.S. intelligence also believes that Iranian leaders have not yet made the decision to build a weapon.

Iran also is developing ballistic missiles that could carry a nuclear warhead, but the administration said last week that it believes that effort has been slowed. That assessment paved the way for Obama's decision to shelve the Bush administration's plan for a missile shield in Europe, which was aimed at defending against Iranian ballistic missiles.

Salami said Iran would test medium-range Shahab-1 and Shahab-2 missiles on Sunday night and a longer-range Shahab-3 missiles on Monday, during drills set to last several days.

Iran's last known missile tests were in May when it fired its longest-range solid-fuel missile, Sajjil-2. Tehran said the two-stage surface-to-surface missile has a range of about 1,200 miles (1,900 kilometers) — capable of striking Israel, U.S. Mideast bases and southeastern Europe.

Pak team leaves for SA to play CT Updated at: 1600 PST
Indian propaganda against Pak will fall flat: FO Updated at: 1540 PST
Explosion kills at least 3 in Afghan capital Updated at: 1455 PST
Venezuela, China agree $16b oil deal Updated at: 1450 PST
Karzai denies major vote fraud Updated at: 1440 PST
Three bodies seen at Kabul blast site Updated at: 1435 PST
Huge blast heard in Afghan capital: witnesses Updated at: 1405 PST
World Bank calls for action on climate change Updated at: 1400 PST
Huge blast heard in Afghanistan Updated at: 1345 PST
Iran lashes out at Sarkozy's nuclear remarks Updated at: 1345 PST
Over 80 civilians killed in Yemen air raid: witnesses Updated at: 1320 PST
Cholera hits Kirk in NWFP Updated at: 1315 PST
Iran says venue for talks with world powers not fixed Updated at: 1300 PST
Afghan president denies 'massive' election fraud Updated at: 1250 PST
More than 80 civilians killed in Yemen air raid: witnesses Updated at: 1245 PST
Trade ministry assures end to gold import duty Updated at: 1240 PST
No load shedding on Eid, Chand Raat: Pepco Updated at: 1215 PST
Coach Intikhab says team can win Champions Trophy Updated at: 1200 PST
World economic slump receding; Asia leading recovery: IMF Updated at: 1150 PST
Peshawar markets receiving more shoppers Updated at: 1140 PST
Terror mastermind Noordin strongly suspected killed in raid: police Updated at: 1130 PST
Qureshi says back door channel started in Musharraf era Updated at: 1125 PST
Turk crowned world's tallest man at 8ft 1in Updated at: 1050 PST
US to scrap plans for missile shield in Europe: WSJ Updated at: 1045 PST
Bulls push 100-index beyond 9200-point level Updated at: 1040 PST
World’s tallest, shortest men belong to same China village Updated at: 1015 PST
Aniston cleaned toilets for money Updated at: 1000 PST
Chicago ready to win bid to hold 2016 Games: Obama Updated at: 0945 PST
Beijing chocolate theme park to open next year: report Updated at: 0940 PST
Talks only way forward for Indo-Pak peace: Zardari Updated at: 0925 PST
Oil falls in Asian trade Updated at: 0905 PST
Five killed in Indonesian raid on militant hideout: police Updated at: 0845 PST
Petrova books quarter-final berth in Quebec City Updated at: 0830 PST
10 militants killed near Mingora Updated at: 0820 PST
Oil prices rise on drop in US reserves Updated at: 0815 PST
UK unemployment climbs to 2.47m Updated at: 0810 PST
Qaeda attempting to seek N-secrets from Pak: Holbrooke Updated at: 0805 PST
Hillary looks forward to visiting Pakistan Updated at: 0800 PST
Baitullah’s two in-laws die in Taliban custody Updated at: 0730 PST
Govt achieves tangible results: President Zardari Updated at: 0700 PST
Forces kill 11 militants in DIK action Updated at: 0630 PST
Buy of new cars, furniture outlawed in Punjab: Sahbaz Updated at: 0600 PST
US confirms killing of Kaashmiri in SWA drone attack Updated at: 0500 PST
Two Qaeda bosses perished in drone attack on Sep 14 Updated at: 0130 PST
Article-6 implicates not a single person: PM

Latest News

NATION News
* Huge blast heard in Kabul: witnesses
* Team can win Champions Trophy: Intikhab
* No load shedding on Chand Raat, Eidul Fitr: Pepco
* Trade ministry assures end to gold import duty
* At Least 80 civilians killed in Yemen air raid: witnesses
* US looks forward to working with new Japanese govt
* Afghanistan should not be allowed to destabilize Pakistan: Kerry
* US will wait for final election results in Afghanistan: State Department spokesman
* Drone attacks target Pakistan militants: WSJ
* Ten militants killed, six arrested during clash with security forces in Swat
* Now the Convention Centre hotel project
* Friend or foe?



JANG NEWS
Karzai denies major vote fraud
Three bodies seen at Kabul blast site
Huge blast heard in Afghan capital: witnesses
World Bank calls for action on climate change
Huge blast heard in Afghanistan
Iran lashes out at Sarkozy's nuclear remarks
Over 80 civilians killed in Yemen air raid: witnesses
Cholera hits Kirk in NWFP
Iran says venue for talks with world powers not fixed
Afghan president denies 'massive' election fraud
More than 80 civilians killed in Yemen air raid: witnesses
Trade ministry assures end to gold import duty
No load shedding on Eid, Chand Raat: Pepco
Coach Intikhab says team can win Champions Trophy
World economic slump receding; Asia leading recovery: IMF
Peshawar markets receiving more shoppers
Terror mastermind Noordin strongly suspected killed in raid: police
Qureshi says back door channel started in Musharraf era
Turk crowned world's tallest man at 8ft 1in
US to scrap plans for missile shield in Europe: WSJ
Bulls push 100-index beyond 9200-point level
World’s tallest, shortest men belong to same China village
Aniston cleaned toilets for money
more

Shortcut Keys Of MS Word

Keyboard shortcuts
The shortcut keys described in this Help topic refer to the U.S. keyboard layout. Keys on other layouts may not correspond exactly to the keys on a U.S. keyboard.

For keyboard shortcuts in which you press two or more keys simultaneously, the keys to press are separated by a plus sign (+) in Microsoft Word Help. For keyboard shortcuts in which you press one key immediately followed by another key, the keys to press are separated by a comma (,).

To print this topic, press TAB to select Show All, press ENTER, and then press CTRL+P.

Help task pane and Help window
Using the Help task pane and Help window

The Help task pane provides access to all Office Help content and appears as part of Microsoft Word. The Help window displays topics and other Help content and appears as a window next to, but separate from, Word.

In the Help task pane
F1

Display the Help task pane.

F6

Switch between the Help task pane and Word.

TAB

Select the next item in the Help task pane.

SHIFT+TAB

Select the previous item in the Help task pane.

ENTER

Perform the action for the selected item.

DOWN ARROW and UP ARROW

In a table of contents, select the next and previous item, respectively.

RIGHT ARROW and LEFT ARROW

In a table of contents, expand and collapse the selected item, respectively.

ALT+LEFT ARROW

Move back to the previous task pane.

ALT+RIGHT ARROW

Move forward to the next task pane.

CTRL+SPACEBAR

Open the menu of task panes.

CTRL+F1

Close and reopen the current task pane.

RIGHT ARROW

Expand a +/- list.

LEFT ARROW

Collapse a +/- list.

In the Help window
TAB

Select the next hidden text or hyperlink, or Show All or Hide All at the top of a topic.

SHIFT+TAB

Select the previous hidden text or hyperlink, or the Browser View button at the top of a Microsoft Office Web site article.

ENTER

Perform the action for the selected Show All, Hide All, hidden text, or hyperlink.

ALT+LEFT ARROW

Move back to the previous Help topic.

ALT+RIGHT ARROW

Move forward to the next Help topic.

CONTROL+P

Print the current Help topic.

UP ARROW AND DOWN ARROW

Scroll small amounts up and down, respectively, within the currently displayed Help topic.

PAGE UP AND PAGE DOWN

Scroll larger amounts up and down, respectively, within the currently displayed Help topic.

ALT+U

Change the Help window from being separate from (untiled) to connected to (tiled) Word.

SHIFT+F10

Display a menu of commands for the Help window; requires that the Help window have active focus (click an item in the Help window).

Menus, toolbars, task panes, and dialog boxes
Access and use menus and toolbars

F10 or ALT

Select the menu bar, or close an open menu and submenu at the same time.

CTRL+TAB or CTRL+SHIFT+TAB

Select a task pane or toolbar after pressing F10 or ALT to select the menu bar. Pressing the keys repeatedly moves the focus among the open toolbars, menu bars, and task pane.

TAB or SHIFT+TAB

When a toolbar or menu bar is selected, select the next or previous button or menu.

ENTER

Open the selected menu, or perform the action for the selected button or command.

SHIFT+F10

Display the shortcut menu for the selected item.

ALT+SPACEBAR

Display the title bar shortcut menu.

DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW

When a menu or submenu is open, select the next or previous command.

LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW

Select the menu to the left or right. When a submenu is open, switch between the main menu and the submenu.

HOME or END

Select the first or last command on the menu or submenu.

ESC

Close an open menu. When a submenu is open, close only the submenu.

SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

Open the selected menu.

CTRL+DOWN ARROW

When a shortened menu is open, display the full set of commands.

ALT+CTRL+= (equal sign)

Add a toolbar button to a menu. When you type this shortcut key and then click a toolbar button, Microsoft Word adds the button to the appropriate menu. For example, click Bullets on the Formatting toolbar to add the Bullets command to the Format menu.

ALT+CTRL+- (dash key)

Remove a command from a menu. When you type this shortcut key and then select a menu command, the command is removed. You can add the menu command back to the menu if you change your mind.

ALT+CTRL++ (plus key on numeric keypad)

Customize the shortcut key for a menu command. When you type this shortcut key and then select a menu command, the Customize Keyboard dialog box opens so you can add, change, or remove the shortcut key.

Note You can use the keyboard to select any menu command on the menu bar. Press ALT to select the menu bar. Press the letter that is underlined in the menu name that contains the command you want. In the menu that appears, press the letter underlined in the command name that you want.

Access and use task panes

CTRL+F1

Open the task pane or hide the current task pane.

F6

Move to a task pane from another pane in the program window. (You may need to press F6 more than once.)

Note If pressing F6 doesn't display the task pane you want, try pressing ALT to place focus on the menu bar, and then pressing CTRL+TAB to move to the task pane. In addition, if you open a dialog box from the Reveal Formatting task pane, the focus may be in your document after you close the dialog box, rather than in the task pane. You can use F6 or CTRL+TAB to return to the task pane.

CTRL+TAB

When a menu or toolbar is active, move to a task pane. (You may need to press CTRL+TAB more than once.)

CTRL+SPACEBAR

Open the menu of task panes.

ALT+HOME

Go to the Getting Started task pane.

ALT+LEFT ARROW

Reverse the sequence of task panes you opened.

ALT+RIGHT ARROW

Repeat the sequence of task panes you opened.

ESC

Close a menu if one is currently open, or go back to the document.

TAB or SHIFT+TAB

When a task pane is active, select the next or previous option in the task pane.

DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW

Move among choices in a selected submenu; move among certain options in a group of options.

SPACEBAR or ENTER

Open the selected menu, or perform the action assigned to the selected button.

SHIFT+F10

Open a shortcut menu in a document; open a drop-down menu for the selected gallery item.

HOME or END

When a menu or submenu is visible, select the first or last command on the menu or submenu.

PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN

Scroll up or down in the selected gallery list.

CTRL+RIGHT ARROW or CTRL+LEFT ARROW

Expand or collapse a collapsible item in the gallery list.

CTRL+HOME or CTRL+END

Move to the top or bottom of the selected gallery list.

Resize and move toolbars, menus, and task panes

Press ALT to select the menu bar.
Press CTRL+TAB repeatedly to select a toolbar or the task pane.
Do one of the following:
Resize a toolbar

In the toolbar, press CTRL+SPACEBAR to display the Toolbar Options menu.
Select the Size command, and then press ENTER.
Use the arrow keys to resize the toolbar. Press CTRL+ the arrow keys to resize one pixel at a time.
Move a toolbar

In the toolbar, press CTRL+SPACEBAR to display the Toolbar Options menu.
Select the Move command, and then press ENTER.
Use the arrow keys to position the toolbar. Press CTRL+ the arrow keys to move one pixel at a time. To undock the toolbar, press DOWN ARROW repeatedly. To dock the toolbar vertically on the left or right side, press LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW respectively when the toolbar is all the way to the left or right side.
Resize a task pane

In the task pane, press CTRL+SPACEBAR to display a menu of additional commands.
Use the DOWN ARROW key to select the Size command, and then press ENTER.
Use the arrow keys to resize the task pane. Use CTRL+ the arrow keys to resize by one pixel at a time.
Move a task pane

In the task pane, press CTRL+SPACEBAR to display a menu of additional commands.
Use the DOWN ARROW key to select the Move command, and then press ENTER.
Use the arrow keys to position the task pane. Use CTRL+ the arrow keys to move one pixel at a time.
Note If you move the task pane up into the toolbars or down into the status bar, the pane attaches itself to the bars and reorients itself horizontally. To return the task pane to its vertical position, use the arrow keys to move it away from the bars.

When you are finished moving or resizing, press ESC or ENTER.
Use dialog boxes

ALT+F6

Move from an open dialog box back to the document for dialog boxes such as Find and Replace that support this behavior.

TAB

Move to the next option or option group.

SHIFT+TAB

Move to the previous option or option group.

CTRL+TAB

Switch to the next tab in a dialog box.

CTRL+SHIFT+TAB

Switch to the previous tab in a dialog box.

Arrow keys

Move between options in an open drop-down list, or between options in a group of options.

SPACEBAR

Perform the action assigned to the selected button; check or clear the selected check box.

First letter of an option in a drop-down list

Open the list if it is closed and move to that option in the list.

ALT+ the letter underlined in an option

Select an option; select or clear a check box.

ALT+DOWN ARROW

Open a selected drop-down list.

ESC

Close a selected drop-down list; cancel a command and close a dialog box.

ENTER

Run the selected command.

Use edit boxes within dialog boxes

An edit box is a blank in which you type or paste an entry, such as your user name or the path to a folder.

HOME

Move to the beginning of the entry.

END

Move to the end of the entry.

LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW

Move one character to the left or right.

CTRL+LEFT ARROW

Move one word to the left.

CTRL+RIGHT ARROW

Move one word to the right.

SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Select or unselect one character to the left.

SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

Select or unselect one character to the right.

CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Select or unselect one word to the left.

CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

Select or unselect one word to the right.

SHIFT+HOME

Select from the insertion point to the beginning of the entry.

SHIFT+END

Select from the insertion point to the end of the entry.

Use the Open, Save As, and Insert Picture dialog boxes

CTRL+F12

Display the Open dialog box.

F12

Display the Save As dialog box.

ALT+1

Go to the previous folder ().

ALT+2

Open the folder up one level from the open folder (Up One Level button ).

ALT+3

Close the dialog box and open your World Wide Web search page (Search the Web button ).

ALT+4

Delete the selected folder or file (Delete button ).

ALT+5

Create a new subfolder in the open folder (Create New Folder button ).

ALT+6

Switch between List, Details, Properties, Preview Thumbnails, Tiles, and Icons views (click the arrow next to Views ).

ALT+7 or ALT+L

Show the Tools menu (Tools button).

SHIFT+F10

Display a shortcut menu for a selected item such as a folder or file.

TAB

Move between options or areas in the dialog box.

F4 or ALT+I

Open the Look in or Save in list.

F5

Update the files visible in the Open or Save As dialog box (File menu).

Quick reference
Common tasks done in a Microsoft Word document

CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR

Create a nonbreaking space.

CTRL+HYPHEN

Create a nonbreaking hyphen.

CTRL+B

Make letters bold.

CTRL+I

Make letters italic.

CTRL+U

Make letters underline.

CTRL+SHIFT+<

Decrease font size.

CTRL+SHIFT+>

Increase font size.

CTRL+SPACEBAR

Remove paragraph or character formatting.

CTRL+C

Copy the selected text or object.

CTRL+X

Cut the selected text or object.

CTRL+V

Paste text or an object.

CTRL+Z

Undo the last action.

CTRL+Y

Redo the last action.

Language bar
Speech and handwriting recognition

Left ALT+SHIFT

Switch between languages or keyboard layouts.

+V

Switch microphone on or off.

+T

Switch between Voice Command mode and Dictation mode.

+C

Display a list of correction alternatives.

+H

Turn handwriting on or off.

ALT+~

Turn Japanese Input Method Editor (IME) on 101 keyboard on or off.

Right ALT

Turn Korean IME on 101 keyboard on or off.

CTRL+SPACEBAR

Turn Chinese IME on 101 keyboard on or off.

Notes

You can set the key combination for switching between languages or keyboard layouts in the Advanced Key Setting dialog box. To open the Advanced Key Setting dialog box, right-click the Language bar, and then click Settings. Under Preferences, click Key Settings.
The Windows logo key () is available on the bottom row of keys on most keyboards.
E-mail
Sending e-mail messages

Use the following keys (if you are e-mailing a document or a message) when the insertion point is in the e-mail header. To move the insertion point into the e-mail header, press SHIFT+TAB.

ALT+S

Send the active document or message.

CTRL+SHIFT+B

Open the Address Book.

ALT+K, CTRL+K

When the insertion point is in the message header, check the names on the To, Cc, and Bcc lines against the Address Book.

ALT+. (period)

Open the Address Book in the To field.

ALT+C

When the insertion point is in the message header, open the Address Book in the Cc field.

ALT+B

If the Bcc field is visible, open the Address Book in the Bcc field. To display the Bcc field, open the Address Book for any field, and insert or type a name in the Bcc box.

ALT+J

Go to the Subject field.

ALT+P

Open the Microsoft Outlook Message Options dialog box.

CTRL+SHIFT+G

Create a message flag.

TAB

When the insertion point is in the message header, move to the next box in the e-mail header. When the last box in the e-mail header is active, TAB moves the insertion point to the body of the document or message.

SHIFT+TAB

Select the previous field or button in the e-mail header.

CTRL+TAB

When the insertion point is in the message header, select the Send button. You can then use the arrow keys to move to the other buttons. To perform the action for the selected button or command, press ENTER.

Working with documents and Web pages
Create, view, and save documents

CTRL+N

Create a new document of the same type as the current or most recent document.

CTRL+O

Open a document.

CTRL+W

Close a document.

ALT+CTRL+S

Split the document window.

ALT+SHIFT+C

Remove the document window split.

CTRL+S

Save a document.

Find, replace, and browse through text

CTRL+F

Find text, formatting, and special items.

ALT+CTRL+Y

Repeat find (after closing Find and Replace window).

CTRL+H

Replace text, specific formatting, and special items.

CTRL+G

Go to a page, bookmark, footnote, table, comment, graphic, or other location.

ALT+CTRL+Z

Switch between documents or sections of a document, and between a document and an open e-mail message if you use Word as your e-mail editor.

ALT+CTRL+HOME

Open a list of browse options; use the arrow keys to select an option, and then press ENTER to browse through a document by using the selected option.

Undo and redo actions

ESC

Cancel an action.

CTRL+Z

Undo an action.

CTRL+Y

Redo or repeat an action.

Switch to another view

ALT+CTRL+P

Switch to print layout view.

ALT+CTRL+O

Switch to outline view.

ALT+CTRL+N

Switch to normal view.

ALT+R

Switch to Reading View.

CTRL+\

Expand or collapse subdocuments in a master document.

Outline view

In outline view, press
ALT+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Promote a paragraph.

ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

Demote a paragraph.

CTRL+SHIFT+N

Demote to body text.

ALT+SHIFT+UP ARROW

Move selected paragraphs up.

ALT+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

Move selected paragraphs down.

ALT+SHIFT+PLUS SIGN

Expand text under a heading.

ALT+SHIFT+MINUS SIGN

Collapse text under a heading.

ALT+SHIFT+A

Expand or collapse all text or headings.

The slash (/) key on the numeric keypad

Hide or display character formatting.

ALT+SHIFT+L

Show the first line of body text or all body text.

ALT+SHIFT+1

Show all headings with the Heading 1 style.

ALT+SHIFT+n

Show all headings up to Heading n.

CTRL+TAB

Insert a tab character.

Printing and previewing documents

CTRL+P

Print a document.

ALT+CTRL+I

Switch in or out of print preview.

Arrow keys

Move around the preview page when zoomed in.

PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN

Move by one preview page when zoomed out.

CTRL+HOME

Move to the first preview page when zoomed out.

CTRL+END

Move to the last preview page when zoomed out.

Reviewing documents

ALT+CTRL+M

Insert a comment.

CTRL+SHIFT+E

Turn track changes on or off.

ALT+SHIFT+C

Close the Reviewing Pane if it is open.

Reading layout view

HOME

Go to beginning of document.

END

Go to end of document.

Number, then ENTER

Go to page number.

CTRL+]

Increase the size of selected text by one point.

CTRL+[

Decrease the size of selected text by one point.

ESC

Exit reading layout view.

References, footnotes, and endnotes

ALT+SHIFT+O

Mark a table of contents entry.

ALT+SHIFT+I

Mark a table of authorities entry (citation).

ALT+SHIFT+X

Mark an index entry.

ALT+CTRL+F

Insert a footnote.

ALT+CTRL+D

Insert an endnote.

Working with Web pages

CTRL+K

Insert a hyperlink.

ALT+LEFT ARROW

Go back one page.

ALT+RIGHT ARROW

Go forward one page.

F9

Refresh.

Note To use keys to go back or forward one page or to refresh a page, the Web toolbar must be showing. If the Web toolbar is not showing, press ALT, press V, press T, use the arrow keys to select Web, and then press ENTER.

Editing and moving text and graphics
Delete text and graphics

BACKSPACE

Delete one character to the left.

CTRL+BACKSPACE

Delete one word to the left.

DELETE

Delete one character to the right.

CTRL+DELETE

Delete one word to the right.

CTRL+X

Cut selected text to the Office Clipboard.

CTRL+Z

Undo the last action.

CTRL+F3

Cut to the Spike.

Copy and move text and graphics

CTRL+C

Copy text or graphics.

CTRL+C, CTRL+C

Display the Office Clipboard.

F2 (then move the insertion point and press ENTER)

Move text or graphics.

ALT+F3

Create AutoText.

CTRL+V

Paste the Office Clipboard contents.

CTRL+SHIFT+F3

Paste the Spike contents.

ALT+SHIFT+R

Copy the header or footer used in the previous section of the document.

Insert special characters

CTRL+F9

A field

ENTER (after typing the first few characters of the AutoText entry name and when the ScreenTip appears)

An AutoText entry

SHIFT+ENTER

A line break

CTRL+ENTER

A page break

CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER

A section break

ALT+CTRL+MINUS SIGN

An em dash

CTRL+MINUS SIGN

An en dash

CTRL+HYPHEN

An optional hyphen

CTRL+SHIFT+HYPHEN

A nonbreaking hyphen

CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR

A nonbreaking space

ALT+CTRL+C

The copyright symbol

ALT+CTRL+R

The registered trademark symbol

ALT+CTRL+T

The trademark symbol

ALT+CTRL+PERIOD

An ellipsis

CTRL+`, `

A single opening quotation mark

CTRL+', '

A single closing quotation mark

CTRL+`, SHIFT+'

Double opening quotation marks

CTRL+', SHIFT+'

Double closing quotation marks

Insert characters by using character codes

The character code, ALT+X

The Unicode character for the specified Unicode (hexadecimal) character code. For example, to insert the euro currency symbol (), type 20AC, and then hold down the ALT key and press X.

ALT+the character code (on the numeric keypad)

The ANSI character for the specified ANSI (decimal) character code. For example, to insert the euro currency symbol, hold down the ALT key and press 0128 on the numeric keypad.

Select text and graphics

Select text by holding down SHIFT and pressing the key that moves the insertion point.

Select multiple areas that aren't next to each other

After making your first selection, hold down CTRL, and then select any other items you want.

Extend a selection

F8

Turn extend mode on.

F8, and then press LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW

Select the nearest character.

F8 (press once to select a word, twice to select a sentence, and so on)

Increase the size of a selection.

SHIFT+F8

Reduce the size of a selection.

ESC

Turn extend mode off.

SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

One character to the right

SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

One character to the left

CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

To the end of a word

CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

To the beginning of a word

SHIFT+END

To the end of a line

SHIFT+HOME

To the beginning of a line

SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

One line down

SHIFT+UP ARROW

One line up

CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

To the end of a paragraph

CTRL+SHIFT+UP ARROW

To the beginning of a paragraph

SHIFT+PAGE DOWN

One screen down

SHIFT+PAGE UP

One screen up

CTRL+SHIFT+HOME

To the beginning of a document

CTRL+SHIFT+END

To the end of a document

ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN

To the end of a window

CTRL+A

To include the entire document

CTRL+SHIFT+F8, and then use the arrow keys; press ESC to cancel selection mode

A vertical block of text

F8+arrow keys; press ESC to cancel selection mode

To a specific location in a document

Tip

If you know the key combination to move the insertion point, you can generally select the text by using the same key combination while holding down SHIFT. For example, CTRL+RIGHT ARROW moves the insertion point to the next word, and CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW selects the text from the insertion point to the beginning of the next word.

Select text and graphics in a table

TAB

Select the next cell's contents.

SHIFT+TAB

Select the preceding cell's contents.

Hold down SHIFT and press an arrow key repeatedly

Extend a selection to adjacent cells.

Click in the column's top or bottom cell. Hold down SHIFT and press the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW key repeatedly

Select a column.

CTRL+SHIFT+F8, and then use the arrow keys; press ESC to cancel selection mode

Extend a selection (or block).

SHIFT+F8

Remove the selection.

ALT+5 on the numeric keypad (with NUM LOCK off)

Select an entire table.

Move the insertion point

LEFT ARROW

One character to the left

RIGHT ARROW

One character to the right

CTRL+LEFT ARROW

One word to the left

CTRL+RIGHT ARROW

One word to the right

CTRL+UP ARROW

One paragraph up

CTRL+DOWN ARROW

One paragraph down

SHIFT+TAB

One cell to the left (in a table)

TAB

One cell to the right (in a table)

UP ARROW

Up one line

DOWN ARROW

Down one line

END

To the end of a line

HOME

To the beginning of a line

ALT+CTRL+PAGE UP

To the top of the window

ALT+CTRL+PAGE DOWN

To the end of the window

PAGE UP

Up one screen (scrolling)

PAGE DOWN

Down one screen (scrolling)

CTRL+PAGE DOWN

To the top of the next page

CTRL+PAGE UP

To the top of the previous page

CTRL+END

To the end of a document

CTRL+HOME

To the beginning of a document

SHIFT+F5

To a previous revision

SHIFT+F5

After opening a document, to the location it was in when the document was last closed

Move around in a table

TAB

Next cell in a row

SHIFT+TAB

Previous cell in a row

ALT+HOME

First cell in a row

ALT+END

Last cell in a row

ALT+PAGE UP

First cell in a column

ALT+PAGE DOWN

Last cell in a column

UP ARROW

Previous row

DOWN ARROW

Next row

Insert paragraphs and tab characters in a table

ENTER

New paragraphs in a cell

CTRL+TAB

Tab characters in a cell

Character and paragraph formatting
Copy formatting

CTRL+SHIFT+C

Copy formatting from text.

CTRL+SHIFT+V

Apply copied formatting to text.

Change or resize the font

CTRL+SHIFT+F

Change the font.

CTRL+SHIFT+P

Change the font size.

CTRL+SHIFT+>

Increase the font size.

CTRL+SHIFT+<

Decrease the font size.

CTRL+]

Increase the font size by 1 point.

CTRL+[

Decrease the font size by 1 point.

Apply character formats

CTRL+D

Change the formatting of characters (Font command, Format menu).

SHIFT+F3

Change the case of letters.

CTRL+SHIFT+A

Format letters as all capitals.

CTRL+B

Apply bold formatting.

CTRL+U

Apply an underline.

CTRL+SHIFT+W

Underline words but not spaces.

CTRL+SHIFT+D

Double-underline text.

CTRL+SHIFT+H

Apply hidden text formatting.

CTRL+I

Apply italic formatting.

CTRL+SHIFT+K

Format letters as small capitals.

CTRL+EQUAL SIGN

Apply subscript formatting (automatic spacing).

CTRL+SHIFT+PLUS SIGN

Apply superscript formatting (automatic spacing).

CTRL+SPACEBAR

Remove manual character formatting.

CTRL+SHIFT+Q

Change the selection to the Symbol font.

View and copy text formats

CTRL+SHIFT+* (asterisk)

Display nonprinting characters.

SHIFT+F1 (then click the text whose formatting you want to review)

Review text formatting.

CTRL+SHIFT+C

Copy formats.

CTRL+SHIFT+V

Paste formats.

Set line spacing

CTRL+1

Single-space lines

CTRL+2

Double-space lines

CTRL+5

Set 1.5-line spacing

CTRL+0 (zero)

Add or remove one line space preceding a paragraph

Align paragraphs

CTRL+E

Center a paragraph.

CTRL+J

Justify a paragraph.

CTRL+L

Left align a paragraph.

CTRL+R

Right align a paragraph.

CTRL+M

Indent a paragraph from the left.

CTRL+SHIFT+M

Remove a paragraph indent from the left.

CTRL+T

Create a hanging indent.

CTRL+SHIFT+T

Reduce a hanging indent.

CTRL+Q

Remove paragraph formatting.

Apply paragraph styles

CTRL+SHIFT+S

Apply a style.

ALT+CTRL+K

Start AutoFormat.

CTRL+SHIFT+N

Apply the Normal style.

ALT+CTRL+1

Apply the Heading 1 style.

ALT+CTRL+2

Apply the Heading 2 style.

ALT+CTRL+3

Apply the Heading 3 style.

CTRL+SHIFT+L

Apply the List style.

Drawing objects and other objects
Inserting and editing objects

Insert an object by using the keyboard.

Use the keyboard to open the Object dialog box (Insert menu).
Use the DOWN ARROW key to select an object, and then tab to OK, and press ENTER.
Edit an object by using the keyboard.

With the insertion point to the left of the object in your document, select the object by pressing SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW.
Press SHIFT+F10.
Tab to Object name Object, press ENTER, and then press ENTER again.
Inserting and selecting drawing objects

Insert an AutoShape by using the keyboard.

Use the keyboard to show the Drawing toolbar if it is not showing.
Press ALT+U to choose AutoShape on the Drawing toolbar.
Use the arrow keys to move through the categories of AutoShapes and select the AutoShape you want.
Press CTRL+ENTER.
Note To edit the AutoShape, select the AutoShape, and then use the keyboard to choose AutoShape on the Format menu. Select the options you want on the available tabs.

Insert a text box by using the keyboard

Use the keyboard to select Text Box on the Insert menu.
Use the right arrow key to open the submenu, select either Horizontal or Vertical, and then press CTRL+ENTER.
Type the text you want in the text box.
When you are finished typing and want to switch back to editing text in your document, press SHIFT+F10, choose Exit Edit Text on the shortcut menu, and then press ESC.
Note To format the text box (add a fill color or change the size, for example), select the text box, choose Text Box on the Format menu, and then select the options you want on the available tabs.

Insert a WordArt drawing object by using the keyboard

Use the keyboard to choose WordArt (Insert menu, Picture submenu).
Use the arrow keys to select the WordArt style you want, and then press ENTER.
Type the text you want, and then use the TAB key to select other options in the dialog box.
Press ENTER to insert the WordArt drawing object.
Note To edit the WordArt drawing object, select the object, choose WordArt on the Format menu, and then select the options you want on the available tabs.

Select a drawing object by using the keyboard

If the insertion point is within text in your document, do the following:
Press F10 to make the menu bar active.
Press CTRL+TAB until the Drawing toolbar is active.
Press the RIGHT ARROW key to choose Select Objects .
Press CTRL+ENTER to select the first drawing object.
Press the TAB key to cycle forward (or SHIFT+TAB to cycle backward) through the objects until sizing handles appear on the object you want to select.
If the insertion point is within text in a drawing object, do the following:
Press SHIFT+F10, and then use the keyboard to choose Exit Edit Text on the shortcut menu.
Press the TAB key to cycle forward (or SHIFT+TAB to cycle backward) through the objects until sizing handles appear on the object you want to select.
Note To switch from selecting objects back to editing text in your document, press ESC.

Editing drawing objects
Rotate a drawing object by using the keyboard

Select the drawing object you want to rotate.
Use the keyboard to choose the command for the type of object you selected— for example, on the Format menu, choose AutoShape or Text Box— and then select the Size tab.
Under Size and rotate, use the TAB key to select Rotation, and then type the amount of rotation you want.
Change the position of a drawing object on a page by using the keyboard

Select the drawing object you want to change.
Use the keyboard to choose the command for the type of object you selected— for example, on the Format menu, choose AutoShape or Text Box— and then select the Layout tab.
Select the options you want.
Tip

You can nudge the selected object up, down, left, or right by holding down CTRL and pressing arrow keys.

Change the size of a drawing object by using the keyboard

Select the drawing object you want to change.
Use the keyboard to choose the command for the type of object you selected— for example, on the Format menu, choose AutoShape or Text Box— and then select the Size tab.
Select the options you want.
Copy the attributes of a drawing object by using the keyboard

Select the drawing object with the attributes you want to copy.
If you select an AutoShape with attached text, you copy the look and style of the text as well as the attributes of the AutoShape.

Press CTRL+SHIFT+C to copy the object attributes.
Press the TAB key or SHIFT+TAB to select the object you want to copy the attributes to.
Press CTRL+SHIFT+V.
Mail merge and fields
Performing a mail merge

Note You must start the Mail Merge task pane (Tools menu, Letters and Mailings command, Mail Merge subcommand) before you can use these commands.

ALT+SHIFT+K

Preview a mail merge.

ALT+SHIFT+N

Merge a document.

ALT+SHIFT+M

Print the merged document.

ALT+SHIFT+E

Edit a mail-merge data document.

ALT+SHIFT+F

Insert a merge field.

Working with fields

ALT+SHIFT+D

Insert a DATE field.

ALT+CTRL+L

Insert a LISTNUM field.

ALT+SHIFT+P

Insert a PAGE field.

ALT+SHIFT+T

Insert a TIME field.

CTRL+F9

Insert an empty field.

CTRL+SHIFT+F7

Update linked information in a Microsoft Word source document.

F9

Update selected fields.

CTRL+SHIFT+F9

Unlink a field.

SHIFT+F9

Switch between a selected field code and its result.

ALT+F9

Switch between all field codes and their results.

ALT+SHIFT+F9

Run GOTOBUTTON or MACROBUTTON from the field that displays the field results.

F11

Go to the next field.

SHIFT+F11

Go to the previous field.

CTRL+F11

Lock a field.

CTRL+SHIFT+F11

Unlock a field.

Key combinations
Function keys

F1

Get Help or visit Microsoft Office Online.

F2

Move text or graphics.

F3

Insert an AutoText entry (after Microsoft Word displays the entry).

F4

Repeat the last action.

F5

Choose the Go To command (Edit menu).

F6

Go to the next pane or frame.

F7

Choose the Spelling command (Tools menu).

F8

Extend a selection.

F9

Update selected fields.

F10

Activate the menu bar.

F11

Go to the next field.

F12

Choose the Save As command (File menu).

SHIFT+Function key

SHIFT+F1

Start context-sensitive Help or reveal formatting.

SHIFT+F2

Copy text.

SHIFT+F3

Change the case of letters.

SHIFT+F4

Repeat a Find or Go To action.

SHIFT+F5

Move to the last change.

SHIFT+F6

Go to the previous pane or frame.

SHIFT+F7

Choose the Thesaurus command (Tools menu, Language submenu).

SHIFT+F8

Shrink a selection.

SHIFT+F9

Switch between a field code and its result.

SHIFT+F10

Display a shortcut menu.

SHIFT+F11

Go to the previous field.

SHIFT+F12

Choose the Save command (File menu).

CTRL+Function key

CTRL+F2

Choose the Print Preview command (File menu).

CTRL+F3

Cut to the Spike.

CTRL+F4

Close the window.

CTRL+F5

Restore the document window size (for example, after maximizing it).

CTRL+F6

Go to the next window.

CTRL+F7

Choose the Move command (title bar shortcut menu).

CTRL+F8

Choose the Size command (title bar shortcut menu).

CTRL+F9

Insert an empty field.

CTRL+F10

Maximize the document window.

CTRL+F11

Lock a field.

CTRL+F12

Choose the Open command (File menu).

CTRL+SHIFT+Function key

CTRL+SHIFT+F3

Insert the contents of the Spike.

CTRL+SHIFT+F5

Edit a bookmark.

CTRL+SHIFT+F6

Go to the previous window.

CTRL+SHIFT+F7

Update linked information in a Microsoft Word source document.

CTRL+SHIFT+F8

Extend a selection or block (then press an arrow key).

CTRL+SHIFT+F9

Unlink a field.

CTRL+SHIFT+F11

Unlock a field.

CTRL+SHIFT+F12

Choose the Print command (File menu).

ALT+Function key

ALT+F1

Go to the next field.

ALT+F3

Create an AutoText entry.

ALT+F4

Quit Microsoft Word.

ALT+F5

Restore the program window size.

ALT+F6

Move from an open dialog box back to the document for dialog boxes such as Find and Replace that support this behavior.

ALT+F7

Find the next misspelling or grammatical error. The Check spelling as you type check box must be selected (Tools menu, Options dialog box, Spelling & Grammar tab).

ALT+F8

Run a macro.

ALT+F9

Switch between all field codes and their results.

ALT+F10

Maximize the program window.

ALT+F11

Display Microsoft Visual Basic code.

ALT+SHIFT+Function key

ALT+SHIFT+F1

Go to the previous field.

ALT+SHIFT+F2

Choose the Save command (File menu).

ALT+SHIFT+F9

Run GOTOBUTTON or MACROBUTTON from the field that displays the field results.

ALT+SHIFT+F10

Display the menu or message for a smart tag. If more than one smart tag is present, switch to the next smart tag and display its menu or message.

ALT+SHIFT+F11

Start the Microsoft Script Editor.

CTRL+ALT+Function key

CTRL+ALT+F1

Display Microsoft System Information.

CTRL+ALT+F2

Open command (File menu).

Business Defination

Definitions of business on the Web:

* a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; "he bought his brother's business"; "a small mom-and-pop business"; "a ...
* commercial enterprise: the activity of providing goods and services involving financial and commercial and industrial aspects; "computers are now widely used in business"
* occupation: the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money; "he's not in my line of business"
* a rightful concern or responsibility; "it's none of your business"; "mind your own business"
* an immediate objective; "gossip was the main business of the evening"
* the volume of commercial activity; "business is good today"; "show me where the business was today"
* business concerns collectively; "Government and business could not agree"
* clientele: customers collectively; "they have an upper class clientele"
* incidental activity performed by an actor for dramatic effect; "his business with the cane was hilarious"
wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

* The Business was London's first global business magazine published in the United Kingdom. It was edited by Allister Heath; published by Andrew Neil; and owned by the Barclay brothers, who also own The Daily Telegraph. It closed in February 2008 after it failed to prove a commercial success.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Business_(magazine)

* A business (also called a firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organization designed to provide goods and/or services to consumers. ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business

* A business route (occasionally city route) in the United States is a short special route connected to a parent numbered highway at its beginning, then routed through the central business district of a nearby city or town, and finally reconnecting with the same parent numbered highway again at ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_(road)

* The Business is a novel by the Scottish writer Iain Banks, published in 1999.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Business_(novel)

* The Business is a Canadian television series, which airs on The Movie Network in Canada and IFC in the United States.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Business_(TV_series)

* "The Business" is the third official single (fourth overall) released from Yung Berg's debut album, Look What You Made Me.
State of being efficient or methodical. For example, the employee was highly organized and knew immediately where to find the general ledger.

2008 Mumbai attacks

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

2008 Mumbai Attacks


Locations of the attacks

Location
Mumbai, India

Date
26 November 2008 – 29 November 2008 (IST, UTC +5:30)

Attack type
Bombings, shootings, hostage crisis[1]

Deaths
173 (164 civilians and security personnel and 9 attackers)[2]

Injured
308[2]

Suspected perpetrator(s)
Lashkar-e-Taiba[3][4]




v • d • e

Terrorism in Mumbai




1993 – 2002 – 1st 2003 – 2nd 2003 – 3rd 2003 – 4th 2003 – 2006 – 2008





v • d • e

Terrorism in India since 2001




Attacks with 50+ deaths in bold
Indian Parliament attack – Srinagar – Akshardham Temple attack Kolkata 2002 – Rafiganj rail disaster – Mumbai 2002 – 1st Mumbai 2003 – 2nd Mumbai 2003 – 3rd Mumbai 2003 – Ayodhya – Delhi 2005 – Jaunpur 2005 – Varanasi – Jama Masjid – Mumbai 2006 – Malegaon – Samjhauta Express – Mecca Masjid – Hyderabad – Uttar Pradesh – Jaipur – Bangalore – Ahmedabad – 1st Delhi 2008 – 2nd Delhi 2008 – Western India – Agartala – Imphal – Assam 2008 – Mumbai 2008 – 1st Guwahati 2009 – 2nd Guwahati 2009



The 2008 Mumbai attacks were more than ten coordinated shooting and bombing attacks across Mumbai, India's financial capital and its largest city. The attacks, which drew widespread condemnation across the world, began on 26 November 2008 and lasted until 29 November, killing at least 173 people and wounding at least 308.[2][5]

Eight of the attacks occurred in South Mumbai: at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, the Oberoi Trident,[6] the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower,[6] Leopold Cafe,[6] Cama Hospital,[6] the Orthodox Jewish-owned Nariman House,[7] the Metro Cinema,[8] and a lane behind the Times of India building and St. Xavier's College.[6] There was also an explosion at Mazagaon, in Mumbai's port area, and in a taxi at Vile Parle.[9] By the early morning of 28 November, all sites except for the Taj Mahal Palace had been secured by Mumbai Police and security forces. An action by India's National Security Guards (NSG) on 29 November resulted in the death of the last remaining attackers at the Taj Mahal Palace, ending all fighting in the attacks.[10]

Ajmal Amir Kasab,[11] the only attacker who was captured alive, disclosed that the attackers were members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, the Pakistan-based militant organization, considered a terrorist organization by India, the United States, and the United Kingdom, among others.[12] The Indian Government said that the attackers came from Pakistan, and their controllers were in Pakistan.[13] Kasab's trial began on 6 May. He initially pleaded not guilty, but later admitted his guilt on 20 July 2009. The court has accepted his plea, but due to the lack of completeness within his admittance, the Judge has deemed that many of the 86 charges were not addressed and therefore the trial will continue. Kasab could be hanged if given the maximum penalty of death.[14]

On 7 January 2009, after more than a month of denying the nationality of the attackers,[15] Pakistan's Information Minister Sherry Rehman officially accepted Ajmal Amir's nationality as Pakistani.[16] On 12 February 2009, Pakistan's Interior Minister Rehman Malik, in a televised news briefing, confirmed that parts of the attack had been planned in Pakistan and said that six people, including the alleged mastermind, were being held in connection with the attacks.[17]

Contents
1 Background
2 Attacks
2.1 Entry into India
2.2 Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
2.3 Leopold Cafe
2.4 Bomb blasts in taxis
2.5 Taj Mahal Hotel and Oberoi Trident
2.6 Nariman House
2.7 End of the attacks
2.8 Methodology
3 Attribution
3.1 Attackers
3.2 Arrests
4 Casualties and Compensation
5 Aftermath
5.1 Reactions
6 Locations
7 References
8 External links


[edit] Background
Main article: Terrorism in Mumbai



One of the bomb-damaged coaches at the Mahim station in Mumbai during the 11 July 2006 train bombings

There have been many terrorist bombings in Mumbai since 13 co-ordinated bomb explosions killed 257 people and injured 700 on 12 March 1993.[18] The 1993 attacks are believed to be retaliation for the Babri Mosque demolition.[19]

On 6 December 2002, a blast in a BEST bus near Ghatkopar station killed two people and injured 28.[20] The bombing occurred on the tenth anniversary of the demolition of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya.[21] A bicycle bomb exploded near the Vile Parle station in Mumbai, killing one person and injuring 25 on 27 January 2003, a day before the visit of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee of India to the city.[22] On 13 March 2003, a day after the tenth anniversary of the 1993 Bombay bombings, a bomb exploded in a train compartment near the Mulund station, killing 10 people and injuring 70.[23] On 28 July 2003, a blast in a BEST bus in Ghatkopar killed 4 people and injured 32.[24] On 25 August 2003 two bombs exploded in South Mumbai, one near the Gateway of India and the other at Zaveri Bazaar in Kalbadevi. At least 44 people were killed and 150 injured.[25] On 11 July 2006, seven bombs exploded within 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai.[26] 209 people were killed,[27] and over 700 injured.[28] According to Mumbai Police, the bombings were carried out by Lashkar-e-Taiba and Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI).[29][30]

[edit] Attacks
Main article: Timeline of the 2008 Mumbai attacks

[edit] Entry into India
According to investigations the attackers traveled by sea from Karachi, Pakistan across the Arabian Sea, hijacked the Indian fishing trawler 'Kuber', killing the crew, and then entered Mumbai on a rubber dinghy. The captain of 'Kuber', Amar Singh Solanki, had earlier been imprisoned for six months in a Pakistani jail for illegally fishing in Pakistani waters.[31]

The first events were detailed around 20:00 Indian Standard Time (IST) on 26 November, when 10 Urdu-speaking men in inflatable speedboats came ashore at two locations in Colaba. They reportedly told local Marathi-speaking fishermen to "mind their business" before they split up and headed two different ways. The fishermen's subsequent report to police received little response.[32]

[edit] Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus


Bullet marks on the wall of the suburban terminus at CST

The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus was attacked by two gunmen, one of whom, Ajmal Kasab, was later caught alive by the police and identified by eyewitnesses. The attacks began around 21:30 when the two men entered the passenger hall and opened fire,[33] using AK-47 rifles.[34] The attackers killed 52 people and injured 109 others,[34] their assault ending at about 22:45.[33]

[edit] Leopold Cafe
The Leopold Cafe, a popular restaurant and bar on Colaba Causeway, was one of the first sites to be attacked.[35] Two attackers open fired on the south Mumbai cafe on the Wednesday night, killing at least 10 people (including some foreigners) and injuring many more.[36] The injured included among others, Sourav Mishra, a Reuters journalist, who was one of the first witnesses of the attacks.[37] He received severe bullet injuries and was quoted across world media for initial comments on the attack through Reuters reportage.[38] Sourav also figured in the controversial government dead list, which was later withdrawn.[39] French filmmaker, Kate Chaillat, was with Sourav during the attack.[40] Chaillat witnessed the event, escaped unhurt, but was deeply traumatised.[41]



Bullet marks left at Leopold Cafe

[edit] Bomb blasts in taxis
There were two explosions in taxis caused by timer bombs. The first one was at 10:40 pm at Vile Parle. The taxi—MH 01 G 779, was used by Ajmal Kasab and Abu Ismail Khan to reach Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus from Badhwar Park. Kasab and Ismail had placed the bomb under the front seat of the taxi. The bomb exploded killing the driver, Mohammad Umer Abdul Khalid and a passenger, Laxminarayan Goel. The second explosion took place Wadi Bunder between 10:20 pm and 10:25 pm. The taxi—MH 01 J 5308, had travelled from south Mumbai to Wadi Bunder through P D’mello Road. The terrorists who attacked Leopold’s Cafe and the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel had taken this cab from Badhwar towards Colaba, leaving a timer bomb beneath the front seat before getting off. Three people including the driver of the taxi were killed and about 15 other people were reported injured.[9][42]

[edit] Taj Mahal Hotel and Oberoi Trident
Main articles: Taj Mahal Palace & Tower and Oberoi Trident



The damaged Oberoi Trident hotel

Two hotels, the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower and the Oberoi Trident, were amongst the four locations targeted. Six explosions were reported at the Taj hotel and one at the Oberoi Trident.[43][44]

CNN initially reported on the morning of the 27 November 2008 that the hostage situation at the Taj had been resolved and quoted the police chief of Maharashtra stating that all hostages were freed;[45] however, it was learned later that day that there were still two attackers holding hostages, including foreigners, in the Taj Mahal hotel.[46][46]



The Wasabi restaurant on the first floor of the Taj Hotel was completely gutted.

During the attacks, both hotels were surrounded by Rapid Action Force personnel and Marine Commandos (MARCOS) and National Security Guards (NSG) commandos.[47][48] When reports emerged that attackers were receiving television broadcasts, feeds to the hotels were blocked.[49] All attackers were out of the Taj Mahal and Oberoi hotels by the early morning of November 29.[50][51]

A number of European Parliament Committee on International Trade delegates were staying in the Taj Mahal hotel when it was attacked,[52] but none of them were injured.[53] British Conservative Member of the European Parliament (MEP) Sajjad Karim (who was in the lobby when attackers initially opened fire there) and German Social Democrat MEP Erika Mann were hiding in different parts of the building.[54] Also reported present was Spanish MEP Ignasi Guardans, who was barricaded in a hotel room.[55] Another British Conservative MEP, Syed Kamall, reported that he along with several other MEPs left the hotel and went to a nearby restaurant shortly before the attack.[54] Kamall also reported that Polish MEP Jan Masiel was thought to have been sleeping in his hotel room when the attacks started, but eventually left the hotel safely.[56] Kamall and Guardans reported that a Hungarian MEP's assistant was shot.[54][57] Also caught up in the shooting were the President of Madrid, Esperanza Aguirre, while checking in at the Oberoi Trident,[57] and Indian MP N. N. Krishnadas of Kerala and Sir Gulam Noon while having dinner at a restaurant in the Taj hotel.[58][59]

[edit] Nariman House
Main article: Nariman House



Front view of the Nariman House a week after the attacks

Nariman House, a Chabad Lubavitch Jewish center in Colaba known as the Mumbai Chabad House, was taken over by two attackers and several residents were held hostage.[60] The house was stormed by NSG commandos and, after a long battle, one NSG commando and the two attackers were killed.[61] Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife Rivkah Holtzberg, who was six months pregnant, were murdered with other hostages inside the house by the attackers.[62] Indian forces found the bodies of six hostages inside the house.

[edit] End of the attacks
By the morning of 27 November, the army had secured the Jewish outreach center at Nariman House as well as the Oberoi Trident hotel. They also incorrectly believed that the Taj Mahal Palace and Towers had been cleared of attackers, and soldiers were leading hostages and holed-up guests to safety, and removing bodies of those killed in the attacks.[63][64][65] However, later news reports indicated that there were still two or three attackers in the Taj, with explosions heard and gunfire exchanged.[65] Fires were also reported at the ground floor of the Taj with plumes of smoke arising from the first floor.[65] The final operation at the Taj Mahal Palace hotel was completed by the NSG commandos at 08:00 on 29 November, killing three attackers and resulting in the conclusion of the attacks.[66] The security forces rescued 250 people from the Oberoi, 300 from the Taj and 60 people (members of 12 different families) from Nariman House.[67] In addition, police seized a boat filled with arms and explosives anchored at Mazgaon dock off Mumbai harbour.[68]

[edit] Methodology
The attackers had planned the attack several months ahead of time and knew some areas well enough for the attackers to vanish, and reappear after security forces had left. Several sources have quoted Kasab telling the police that the group received help from Mumbai residents.[69][70] The attackers used at least three SIM cards purchased on the Indian side of the border with Bangladesh, pointing to some local collusion.[71] There were also reports of one SIM card purchased in New Jersey, USA.[72] Police had also mentioned that Faheem Ansari, an Indian Lashkar operative who had been arrested in February 2008, had scouted the Mumbai targets for the November attacks.[73] Later, the police arrested two Indian suspects, Mikhtar Ahmad, who is from Srinagar in Kashmir, and Tausif Rehman, a resident of Kolkata. They supplied the SIM cards, one in Calcutta, and the other in New Delhi.[74]

Blood tests on the attackers indicate that they had taken cocaine and LSD during the attacks, to sustain their energy and stay awake for 50 hours. Police say that they found syringes on the scenes of the attacks. There were also indications that they had been taking steroids.[75] The gunman who survived said that the attackers had used Google Earth to familiarise themselves with the locations of buildings used in the attacks.[76]

[edit] Attribution
Main article: Attribution of the 2008 Mumbai attacks

See also: Erroneous reporting on the 2008 Mumbai attacks



Ajmal Kasab, the only attacker caught alive, at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

The Mumbai attacks were planned and directed by Lashkar-e-Taiba militants inside Pakistan, and carried out by ten young armed men trained and sent to Mumbai and directed from inside Pakistan via mobile phones and VoIP.[12][77][78]

Pakistan initially contested this attribution, but agreed this was the case on 7 January 2009.[15][79][80] The Indian government supplied evidence to Pakistan's high commission in Delhi, in the form of interrogations, weapons, and call records of conversations during the attacks.[81] The evidence, shown to friendly governments and media, provided a detailed sequence of training, supplying, and constant communications of attackers with handlers from Pakistan.[3] In addition, Indian government officials said that the attacks were so sophisticated that they must have had official backing from Pakistani "agencies", an accusation denied by Pakistan.[78][79]

In February 2009, Pakistani newspaper The Dawn, citing Pakistani investigators, claimed that the attacks were planned in Bangladesh and refined in India with significant support being provided by Indian based militant groups and criminal organisations.[82] However, Indian investigators refuted this claim, with the Home Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram dismissing the claim as "rubbish".[83] On 12 February 2009, Pakistan's Interior Minister Rehman Malik agreed that some part of the conspiracy did take place in Pakistan. Malik said that Pakistan had lodged a First Information Report (FIR) under Anti-Terrorism Act against three persons.[84]

Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi said on 15 February 2009 that the 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings and the Mumbai attacks were linked, and that Pakistan needed information from India to continue its investigation.[85]

The criminal investigation begun by the Mumbai police has identified 37 suspects – including two army officers – wanted for their alleged involvement in the plot. All but two of the suspects, many of whom are identified only through aliases, are Pakistani.[86]

In July 2009 Pakistani authorities confirmed to their Indian counterparts that their investigations confirmed that LeT plotted and financed the attacks. Investigations conducted in LeT camps in Karachi and Thatta revealed diaries, training manuals, maps of India and operational instructions. According to a report from Pakistani investigators to Indian authorities, "the investigation has established beyond any reasonable doubt that the defunct LeT activists conspired, abetted, planned, financed and established [the] communication network to carry out terror attacks in Mumbai."[87]

[edit] Attackers


Police looking for attackers outside Colaba

There were ten gunmen, nine of whom were subsequently shot dead and one captured by security forces.[88][89] Witnesses reported that they looked to be in their early twenties, wore black t-shirts and jeans, and that they smiled and looked happy as they shot their victims.[90]

It was initially reported that some of the attackers were British citizens,[91][92] but the Indian Government later stated that there was no evidence to confirm this.[93] Similarly, early reports of twelve gunmen[94] were also later shown to be incorrect.[3]

On 9 December, the ten attackers were identified by Mumbai police, along with their home towns in Pakistan: Ajmal Amir from Faridkot, Abu Ismail Dera Ismail Khan from Dera Ismail Khan, Hafiz Arshad and Babr Imran from Multan, Javed from Okara, Shoaib from Narowal, Nazih and Nasr from Faisalabad, Abdul Rahman from Arifwalla, and Fahad Ullah from Dipalpur Taluka. Dera Ismail Khan is in the North-West Frontier Province; the rest of the towns are in Pakistani Punjab.[95]

[edit] Arrests
Main article: Ajmal Kasab

Ajmal Kasab was the only attacker captured alive by police and is currently under arrest.[96] Much of the information about the attackers' preparation, travel, and movements comes from his confessions to the Mumbai police.[97]

On 12 February 2009 Pakistan's Interior Minister Rehman Malik said that Pakistani national Javed Iqbal, who acquired VoIP phones in Spain for the Mumbai attackers, and Hamad Ameen Sadiq, who had facilitated money transfer for the attack, had been arrested.[84] Two other men known as Khan and Riaz, but whose full names were not given, were also arrested.[98]

[edit] Casualties and Compensation
Main article: Casualties of the 2008 Mumbai attacks

At least 164 victims (civilians and security personnel) and 9 attackers were killed in the attacks. Among the dead were 28 foreign nationals from 10 countries.[2][45][99][100][101] One attacker was captured.[102] The bodies of many of the dead hostages showed signs of torture or disfigurement.[103] A number of those killed were notable figures in business, media, and security services.[104][105][106]

The Government of Maharashtra announced about $10,000 as compensation to the kin of each of those killed in the terror attacks and about $1,000 to the seriously injured.[107] In August 2009, Indian Hotels Company and the Oberoi Group received about $28 million as part-payment of the insurance claims, on account of the attacks on Taj Mahal and Trident, from General Insurance Corporation of India.[108]

[edit] Aftermath
Main article: Aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks



Flowers at the spot of Hemant Karkare's death

The attacks had multiple, far-ranging effects. The impact was felt on Mumbai and on Maharashtra state, and throughout urban India. The Maharashtra state government has planned to buy 36 speed boats to patrol the coastal areas and several helicopters for the same purpose. It will also create an anti-terror force called "Force One" and upgrade all the weapons that Mumbai police currently have.[109] Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh on an all party conference declared that legal framework will be strengthened in the battle against terrorism and a federal anti-terrorist intelligence and investigation agency, like the FBI, will be set up soon to co-ordinate actions against terrorism.[110]

The attacks have damaged India's already strained relationship with Pakistan. External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee declared that India may indulge in military strikes against terror camps in Pakistan to protect its territorial integrity. There were also after-effects on the United States's relationships with both countries,[111] the US-led NATO war in Afghanistan,[112] and on the Global War on Terror.[113] According to Interpol secretary general Ronald Noble, Indian intelligence agencies did not share any information with them.[114] However, FBI chief Robert Mueller praised the "unprecedented cooperation" between American and Indian intelligence agencies over Mumbai terror attack probe.[115]

[edit] Reactions
Main article: Reactions to the 2008 Mumbai attacks



Protests at the Gateway of India in Mumbai

Indians criticised their political leaders after the attacks, saying that their ineptness was partly responsible. The Times of India commented on its front page that "Our politicians fiddle as innocents die."[116] Political reactions in Mumbai and India included a range of resignations and political changes, including the resignations of Minister for Home Affairs, Shivraj Patil,[117] Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Vilasrao Deshmukh,[118] and Deputy Chief Minister of Maharastra R. R. Patil.[119] In addition, there was condemnation of the attacks by Indian Muslim organizations and personalities and Naxalite insurgents. Prominent Muslim personalities such as Bollywood actor Aamir Khan appealed to the community members in the country to observe Eid al-Adha as a day of mourning on 9 December 2008.[120] The business establishment also reacted, with changes to transport, and requests for an increase in self-defense capabilities.[121] The attacks also triggered a chain of citizens' movements across India such as the India Today Group's "War Against Terror" campaign. There were vigils held across all of India with candles and placards commemorating the victims of the attacks.[122] The NSG commandos based in Delhi also met criticism for taking 10 hours to reach the terrorists.[123][124]

International reaction for the attacks was widespread, with many countries and international organizations condemning the attacks and expressing their condolences to the civilian victims. Many important personalities around the world also condemned the attacks.[125] Outgoing US President George W. Bush said "We pledge the full support of the United States as India investigates these attacks, brings the guilty to justice and sustains its democratic way of life."[126] Likewise, a spokesman for then President-elect Barack Obama said that Mr. Obama “strongly condemns today’s terrorist attacks in Mumbai, and his thoughts and prayers are with the victims, their families, and the people of India.“[127]

Media coverage highlighted the use of new media and Internet social networking tools, including Twitter and Flickr, in spreading information about the attacks. In addition, many Indian bloggers and Wikipedia offered live textual coverage of the attacks.[128] A map of the attacks was set up by a web journalist using Google Maps.[129][130] The New York Times, in July 2009, described the event as "what may be the most well-documented terrorist attack anywhere."[131]

[edit] Locations
Map of all coordinates from Google

Map of all coordinates from Bing

Export all coordinates as KML

Export all coordinates as GeoRSS

Map of microformated coordinates



All the incidents except the explosion at Vile Parle took place in downtown South Mumbai.

Oberoi Trident at Nariman Point; 18°55′38″N 72°49′14″E / 18.927118°N 72.820618°E / 18.927118; 72.820618
Taj Mahal Palace & Tower near the Gateway of India; 18°55′18″N 72°50′00″E / 18.921739°N 72.83331°E / 18.921739; 72.83331
Leopold Cafe, a popular tourist restaurant in Colaba; 18°55′20″N 72°49′54″E / 18.922272°N 72.831566°E / 18.922272; 72.831566
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) railway station; 18°56′26″N 72°50′11″E / 18.940631°N 72.836426°E / 18.940631; 72.836426 (express train terminus), 18°56′26″N 72°50′07″E / 18.94061°N 72.835343°E / 18.94061; 72.835343 (suburban terminus)
Badruddin Tayabji Lane behind the Times of India building.18°56′32″N 72°50′01″E / 18.942117°N 72.833734°E / 18.942117; 72.833734
Near St. Xavier's College 18°56′38″N 72°49′55″E / 18.943919°N 72.831942°E / 18.943919; 72.831942.
Cama and Albless Hospital; 18°56′34″N 72°49′59″E / 18.94266°N 72.832993°E / 18.94266; 72.832993
Nariman House (Chabad House) Jewish outreach center; 18°54′59″N 72°49′40″E / 18.916517°N 72.827682°E / 18.916517; 72.827682
Metro Cinema 18°56′35″N 72°49′46″E / 18.943178°N 72.829474°E / 18.943178; 72.829474
Mazagaon docks in Mumbai's port area;
Vile Parle near the airport
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^ "Indian forces storm Jewish centre". BBC News. 2008-11-27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7751707.stm. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
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^ P.S. Suryanarayana (2008-11-27). "Caught in the crossfire, 9 foreign nationals killed". The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/28/stories/2008112854911900.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
^ Stevens, Andrew; Mallika Kapur, Harmeet Shah Singh, Saeed Ahmed, Sara Sidner, Alessio Vinci, Reza Sayah, Paula Newton (2008-11-29). "Indian official: Terrorists wanted to kill 5,000". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/29/india.attacks/index.html. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
^ Krishnakumar P and Vicky Nanjappa (2008-11-30). "Rediff: Doctors shocked at hostages's torture". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/nov/30mumterror-doctors-shocked-at-hostagess-torture.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
^ Naughton, Philippe (2008-11-27). "British yachting tycoon Andreas Liveras killed in Bombay terror attacks". The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5246974.ece. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
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^ "Indian victims include financier, journalist, actor's sister, police". CNN. 2008-11-30. http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/29/india.victims/index.html?iref=topnews. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
^ "Key developments in Mumbai terror attacks". The Hindu. 2008-11-27. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/002200811271331.htm.
^ [1]
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^ "PM for federal agency, better legal framework". NDTV. 2008-12-01. http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Election_Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080074719&type=News. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
^ "Mumbai attacks probed as India-Pakistan relations strained". CNN. 2008-12-01. http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/30/india.attacks/index.html. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
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[edit] External links
Video showing the way in which Indian authorities fought back against the attackers.
Dossier of evidence collected by investigating agencies of India
v • d • e

2008 Mumbai attacks




Sub-articles
Attribution · Ajmal Kasab · Timeline · Casualties · Reactions · Aftermath · Erroneous reporting




Sites
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Related
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v • d • e

War on Terrorism




Timeline · Casualties · Theaters · Criticism · ISAF




Participants
Operational
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Enduring Freedom
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Islamist
attacks
2001–2002
September 11 attacks · Bahawalpur church attack · Indian Parliament attack · Shoe bomb plot · Ghriba synagogue bombing · Karachi bus bomb · Jaunpur train crash · Karachi US Consulate bombing · Akshardham Temple attack · 1st Bali bombing · Zamboanga bombings · Kurnool train crash




2003–2004
Riyadh compound bombings · Casablanca bombings · 2003 Mumbai bombings · Jakarta Marriott Hotel bombing · Istanbul bombings · SuperFerry 14 bombing · Madrid train bombings · Khobar massacre · Beslan school hostage crisis · Jakarta Australian embassy bombing




2005–2006
1st London bombings · 2nd London bombings · Sharm el-Sheikh attacks · 2nd Bali bombing · 1st Delhi bombings · Amman bombings · 2006 Varanasi bombings · 2006 Mumbai train bombings · Transatlantic aircraft plot · Toronto terrorism plot




2007–2008
1st Algiers bombings · Fort Dix attack plot · Ankara bombing · London car bomb plot · Glasgow Airport attack · 2007 Yemen tourist attack · Hyderabad bombings · Qahtaniya bombings · Karachi bombing · Baghlan bombing · Philippine Congress bombing · 2nd Algiers bombings · Assassination of Benazir Bhutto · Jaipur bombings · Danish embassy · Indian embassy · United States consulate · Istanbul bombings · Bangalore bombings-Ahmedabad · 2nd Delhi bombings · American embassy · Islamabad bombing · 3rd Delhi bombing · 2008 Assam bombings · 2008 Mumbai attacks




2009–current
Attack on Sri Lankan cricket team · 2009 Yemen tourist attack · 2009 Lahore bombing · Pearl Continental hotel bombing · Jakarta bombings






See also
Abu Ghraib prison · Axis of evil · Bush Doctrine · CIA run Black sites · Combatant Status Review Tribunal · Enhanced interrogation techniques · Extrajudicial prisoners of the US · Extraordinary rendition · Guantanamo Bay detention camp · Military Commissions Act · NSA electronic surveillance program · President's Surveillance Program · Protect America Act of 2007 · Unitary executive theory · Unlawful combatant · USA PATRIOT Act




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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks"

Categories: Geographic coordinate lists | 2008 Mumbai attacks | 2008 in India | Terrorist incidents in 2008 in India

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